24 December, 2022

A shortcut to Keiyo Line platforms

E233 series on Keiyo Line

Keiyo Line is a commuter rail in Tokyo, owned and operated by JR East. It is 32 miles long and connects Tokyo and Soga in Chiba Prefecture. There are several important places near the line, including Tokyo Disney Resort and Makuhari Messe. Musashino Line trains also run Keiyo Line tracks to Tokyo station.


An extremely long corridor

Keiyo Line platforms at Tokyo station is notoriously far from other platforms, as if they are different stations. Walking 400 metres (approx. 440 yds) sounds a good exercise but it is surely a nightmare especially when having suitcases. There are lifts, escalators and moving pavements, but it is still a hard work. According to JR East, it takes up to 20 minutes when changing from a Keiyo Line train to other trains and vice versa.

Fortunately, there is a shortcut. Not at Tokyo, but an adjacent station, Yurakucho. Most people do not know that Yurakucho station and Keiyo Line platforms at Tokyo station are very close to each other. In 2016, Toyo Keizai published an English article referring to it. It reads "If your starting point is closer to Yurakucho than Tokyo, you should definitely get off at Yurakucho. Exit this station from the north end called Kyobashi-guchi, and walk across the street heading toward the Tokyo Kokusai (or International) Forum. In about four minutes, you’ll reach the entrance to the Keiyo Line of the JR Tokyo station" (emphasis added)


A "voucher"

This article duly summarised the point, but it lacks the most important fact. You do not have to tap out and tap in at these stations. If you show a ticket or Suica card and tell a station staff at Yurakucho station that you are going to Keiyo Line, the staff gives you a small voucher. If you hand the voucher to another staff at Tokyo station, you can enter without paying extra. To put it simply, both Yurakucho and Tokyo are effectively regarded as one single station. The same applies when going from Tokyo to Yurakucho station.


A Tokyo station entrance inside the International Forum

How long does it take? It is about a five-minute walk. If you go from Yurakucho station, leave the station from Kyobashi exit, cross the road and just go inside the International Forum. There are very few signs, but signboards of Hall C, B and A navigate you. Do not go to any of these halls, but simply go straight, and you will find a staircase. Then, you will find ticket barriers.


This de facto fare exemption is only applicable when you come from or go to a southbound train on Yamanote Line (e.g. Hamamatsucho and Shinagawa, or even beyond). If you are from or going to Tokyo station and beyond, you cannot choose this route and you have to simply change trains at Tokyo station.

It might not look easy, but worth trying it if you use Keiyo Line frequently.

17 December, 2022

2023 Timetable Changes on JR Network

Details about annual timetable changes have been announced by JR Group. The revision will take place on Saturday 18 March 2023. There will be some further service reduction on several lines as the ridership remains lower than pre-pandemic amidst remote-working culture, but services will be reinstated to the original level on several lines. What are other major differences?


New stations

E233 series

Makuharitoyosuna on Keiyo Line (Chiba Prefecture) and Maegata on Tazawako Line (Iwate Prefecture) will open.

Makuharitoyosuna will be located between Shin-Narashino and Kaihimmakuhari stations. The new station is close to a major commercial district that includes Aeon Mall. The station was initially scheduled to open in around 2024, but the construction completed earlier with less expenditures than planned, an extremely rare success in these days. Four trains per hour will call at this station at off-peak times.


701 series

Maegata will be located between Morioka and Okama, and it is next to another Aeon Mall. According to Morioka City, the station usage is expected to be 1,700 a day, the second busiest station on the rural Tazawako Line after Morioka station. 12-16 trains a day should be calling at this station.


Osaka station

New platforms of Osaka station, commonly known as "Umekita", will open. They effectively constitute a new station on Tokaido Main Line (Umeda freight branch line), which has been used for trains from Shin-Osaka to Hanwa Line and vice versa. Limited Express Haruka (Kyoto - Kansai Airport) and Kuroshio (Shin-Osaka - Shingu via Wakayama and Shirahama) will call at Osaka station, one of the most important station in the second largest city of Japan.

According to JR West, it will take 47 minutes from Osaka station to Kansai Airport, 20 minutes shorter than now. The journey time from Osaka to Wakayama will be cut from 90 to 57 minutes.


Trains in Hokkaido

KiHa 141 series

Brand new 737 series trains will be introduced to stopping services on Muroran Main Line, replacing KiHa 141 series. Furthermore, KiHa 183 series, a type of diesel limited express train developed by Japanese National Railways, will retire.


High-speed trains

E7 series

All Joetsu Shinkansen services will be provided by E7 series, replacing E2 series. The maximum speed of the line will be raised from 240 to 275 km/h (150 to 170 mph), and thus the journey time between Tokyo and Niigata will be shortened by up to seven minutes.


Sotetsu & Tokyu Shin-Yokohama Lines

Sotetsu 20000 series

Through-services between Sotetsu lines and Tokyu lines are scheduled to commence in March 2023 as Sotetsu Shin-Yokohama Line is extended and Tokyu Shin-Yokohama open. JR Group is not the party of these new through-services, but there are some indirect effects on them. For example, JR Central sets a Nozomi service from Shin-Yokohama to Shin-Osaka at 6:03 am, which runs on Mondays and Saturdays.


Train fares

Train fares will be raised, especially limited express services during busy seasons. There are currently three levels of limited express ticket fares: peak-season, normal and off-season. The fares calculated mainly based on travel distance, and the price gets 200 yen higher in peak season, whilst 200 yen cheaper in off season. From 1 April 2023, there will be another level called "busiest season (最繁忙期)", which will be 400 yen more expensive than usual. Each JR companies use their own calendars so that, for example, 1 May 2023 is designated by JR East by the busiest whilst JR Central, West, Shikoku and Kyushu do not.

Furthermore, the discount for limited express tickets will be discontinued in some cases. When you purchase a bullet train ticket and a limited express ticket on conventional lines at the same time, the latter ticket is 50% off. This discount is called " transit discount (乗継割引)", but it will not be applied for some limited express services in Chugoku and Shikoku regions from 1 April 2023.


Permanent closure of a rural line

Rumoi Main Line between Ishikari-Numata and Rumoi (35.7 km, 22 miles) will be permanently closed on 1 April 2023, and the rest of the line (14.4 km, 9 miles) will be closed by 31 March 2026. This is a part of downsizing programme carried out by JR Hokkaido, the Government of Hokkaido and other cities and towns nearby.


This article is merely a summary. For more information, see official documents below (written in Japanese). Further detailed timetables are anticipated to be available by February.

10 December, 2022

Ticket machines rejecting 500 yen coins

Right: the new 500 yen coin.

Last year, the Japan Mint issued a new 500 yen coin. This is the third 500 yen coin in the Japanese history. The size and weight are almost equivalent to those of the second 500 yen coin, but the new coin features a bi-metallic three-layer structure to make counterfeiting even more difficult. The new coins have been in circulation since 1 November 2021.


More than a year has passed since the circulation began, but not all railway operators made their ticket machines compatible with the new coins. JR East's machines mostly accept the new ones, but others like Tokyu still have considerable number of machines that only accept the old ones. Not a few other machines such as vending machines selling bottled beverages reject the new coins either. This is frankly strange, as Japanese business owners usually adapt this kind of changes swiftly. Why is it so sluggish this time?


*Partly retouched in accordance with the 1895 Act on Control of Imitation of Currency and Securities.

The answer is quite simple: because it is not wise to take action now. The Ministry of Finance is going to introduce new banknotes (1000, 5000 and 10000 yen), and they are due to be in circulation from 2024. Therefore, not a few business owners considered that it would be better to deal with new notes and coins at the same time. The business sector recently received samples of new notes from the National Printing Bureau, and currently tests of new machines are carried out, as Nikkei reported.

Another reason is that Japanese people have gradually shifted to cashless payment. Japan has been infamous for being a cash society, but not a few people are familiar with other means of payment, not only credit/debit cards but also other contactless cards and QR code. Since not as many coins as we had seen before are necessary in these days, the replacement of the 500 yen coins has not been so quick.

Furthermore, there is no reason for the government to dispose of the old coins so urgently this time. When the second 500 yen coin was minted in 2000, the government had to replace the first 500 yen coin (minted in 1982-1999) as quickly as possible, since too many counterfeit coins were found in vending machines. The most common case was 500 South Korean Won coins, which were precisely the same size and made of the same material but worth 170 yen at that time. No such cases are reported today so far.


As not a few ticket machines are incompatible with the new 500 yen coins, Mizushima Rinkai Railway in Okayama Prefecture has been taking quite a unique approach. They resumed selling old-fashioned paper-based tickets by hand. This type of ticket has been uncommon since the 1990s due to introduction of automatic printing systems (not least ticket machines). The Railway reintroduced this old type of ticket, which is often called "soft ticket" in Japanese, as the company cannot afford replacing their ticket machines. However, not a few railway enthusiasts ask for one as a collectable, and probably contributing a little to the business.

03 December, 2022

Trams in Kyoto, when formed of two cars

Kyoto was once very well known for trams. Kyoto City Tram opened in 1895 as the very first electric railway in Japan, but all lines were closed by 1978 amid heavy traffic jams. However, there are a few trams in the ancient capital, one of which is Keifuku (also known as Randen). Keifuku has two lines: Arashiyama Main Line and Kitano Line. Both lines are used by commuters, students and tourists.


Services are generally formed of a single tramcar, but a few during rush hours are formed of two. Furthermore, when the city is crowded by tourists, all services consist of two cars at the weekend. November is the best season for watching autumn foliage so that many people from nearby cities and prefectures visit Arashiyama area.


In such a case, a rare train can be seen. Keifuku's trains have been painted purple since 2010 (with few exceptions), but this one is still painted dark ivory and dark green, the traditional livery dating back to 1936. No. 301 is the only operational car that still keeps its original livery, and it usually runs only during rush hours.


Arashiyama is famous for magnificent views from Sagano Scenic Railway. Kyoto is an ancient capital, but also a place where railway trip brings you a lot of fun.

26 November, 2022

As Class 315 retires

A farewell event of Class 315 is held today. The Class 315 was built in 1980-81 and has been used in London and nearby regions for more than 40 years. It has been observed often on Great Eastern Main Line in the past few years.

It is said that very few Class 315 services remain even after the farewell railtour, possibly until 9 December, though they might be affected by nationwide industrial action.


The last regular services of the Class have been those between Liverpool Street and Shenfield. When I lived in London in 2018-19, the 315s were used by London Overground and TfL Rail, and the services on the GEML were provided by the latter one. Even after Crossrail opened in May 2022, the 315s remained in service. But unsurprisingly, all 315s will leave the mainline at last.


A Class 315 train arriving at Seven Sisters. In spite of its appearance, this train was apparently Overground service. In 2019, an ex-TfL Rail unit 315858 was transferred to Lea Valley Lines as another unit operated by Overground broke down. Do you remember?


As the Class 315 is withdrawn, I realised that there are only a few electric multiple units built by British Rail (before the privatisation) remain in London today. The following BR EMUs in the capital retired since the pandemic began:

ClassOperatorRetired in
 317 LO Apr 2020 
 315 LO Oct 2020 
 365 GN May 2021 
 456 SW Jan 2022 
 455 SN May 2022 
 317 LE Jul 2022 
 322 LE Aug 2022 
 315 XR Nov 2022 

If I have not made any mistake, there are only Class 321 (Greater Anglia), Class 455 (South Western Railway) and Class 465 & 466 (Southeastern). The first two trains are due to be replaced with new Aventra trains, so they might retire next year or so.